Kaʻa kaʻaahi

ʻO ke kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa he mea ia e lawe ai i nā kaʻa a me nā waiwai ma luna o nā kaʻa huila e holo ana ma luna o ke kaʻaahi, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo tracks.Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he kaʻa kaʻaahi.ʻAʻole like me ka halihali alanui, kahi e holo ai nā kaʻa ma kahi pālahalaha i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, alakaʻi ʻia nā kaʻa kaʻa (rolling stock) e nā ala e holo ai lākou.ʻO nā kaʻa kaʻa maʻamau me nā kaʻa kila, i hoʻokomo ʻia ma nā kaula (nā moe) a me ka ballast, kahi e neʻe ai ka mea ʻōwili, i hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia me nā huila metala.Hiki nō hoʻi nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, e like me ke ala papa, kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai nā kaʻaahi i ke kahua paʻa e kau ana ma luna o kahi lalo i hoʻomākaukau ʻia.

Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā kaʻa holo kaʻa a me nā kaʻa (nā kaʻa a me nā kaʻa) i nā kaʻaahi lōʻihi.Hana ʻia ka hana e kahi hui kaʻaahi, e hāʻawi ana i ka halihali ma waena o nā kahua kaʻaahi a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea kūʻai aku ukana.Hāʻawi ʻia ka mana e nā locomotives e huki i ka mana uila mai kahi ʻōnaehana electrification alahao a i ʻole e hana i ko lākou mana ponoʻī, maʻamau e nā ʻenekini diesel.Hoʻopili ʻia ka hapa nui o nā ala me kahi ʻōnaehana hōʻailona.ʻO nā kaʻa kaʻa he ʻōnaehana palekana ʻāina ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano kaʻa ʻē aʻe. manaʻo ʻia nā pae kaʻa haʻahaʻa.

ʻO nā ala kaʻa kahiko loa i lawe ʻia e ke kanaka mai ka kenekulia 6 BC, me Periander, kekahi o nā ʻEhiku Sages o Helene, i hōʻoia ʻia me kāna mea i hana ʻia.Ua mohala ke kaʻa kaʻaahi ma hope o ka hoʻomohala ʻia ʻana o ka locomotive mokumahu ma ke ʻano he kumu kūpono o ka mana i nā kenekulia 19.Me nā ʻenekini mahu, hiki i kekahi ke kūkulu i nā ala kaʻa nui, ʻo ia kekahi mea nui o ka Industrial Revolution.Eia kekahi, ua hōʻemi nā ala kaʻaahi i nā kumukūʻai o ka hoʻouna ʻana, a ua ʻae ʻia no ka liʻiliʻi o nā waiwai nalowale, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka lawe ʻana i ka wai, e kū ana i nā moku i kekahi manawa.Ua ʻae ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana mai nā canal a i nā ala kaʻa no nā "mākeke aupuni" kahi i ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi ai nā kumukūʻai mai ke kūlanakauhale a i ke kūlanakauhale.ʻO ka hana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke alahao ma ʻEulopa kekahi o nā mea ʻenehana koʻikoʻi o ke kenekulia 19;ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua manaʻo ʻia inā ʻaʻole kaʻaahi, ua emi iho ka GDP e 7% i ka makahiki 1890.

I ka makahiki 1880, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā kaʻaahi uila, a ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā ala kaʻaahi mua a me nā ʻōnaehana holo wikiwiki.E hoʻomaka ana i ka makahiki 1940, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā locomotives kaʻaahi ʻole ma ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina e nā locomotives diesel-electric, me ka pau ʻana o ke kaʻina hana i ka makahiki 2000. kekahi mau ʻāina ʻē aʻe.Ua ho'āʻo ʻia nā ʻano ʻano o ka halihali ʻāina i alakaʻi ʻia ma waho o ka wehewehe ʻana o ke kaʻaahi kuʻuna, e like me ka monorail a i ʻole maglev, akā ua ʻike ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana.Ma hope o ka emi ʻana ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II ma muli o ka hoʻokūkū mai nā kaʻa, ua hoʻāla hou ʻia nā kaʻa kaʻa i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ma muli o ka paʻa ʻana o ke alanui a me ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai wahie, a me nā aupuni e hoʻopukapuka ana i ke kaʻaahi i mea e hōʻemi ai i nā hoʻokuʻu CO2 i loko o ka pōʻaiapili o nā hopohopo e pili ana. hoʻomehana o ka honua.